Sakai Takayuki VG10 Kurokage Kengata (K-tip) Santoku 160mm

The bunka knife (文化包丁) takes its name from bunka, culture. A Sakai knife maker ties the name to Japan's modernisation, when Western culture and Japanese tradition merged, and says it stands for that new era and for the knife's wide range of uses.

The same maker says that as diets broadened to meat, fish and vegetables, an all-purpose knife was wanted, and the bunka took features from both Japanese and Western knives.

The tip. One Japanese knife maker describes the bunka (文化包丁, kengata) as combining the good points of the gyuto and the nakiri with the tip cut at an angle, and the santoku as coming after it, by rounding that tip.

Both are all-purpose knives for the home; santoku (三徳) means three virtues, for the three foods it cuts: meat, fish and vegetables.

Yes, it can. Takefu, which makes VG10 (V金10), lists it among its stainless steels, and the JSSA notes that stainless strictly means rust-resistant, not rust-proof.

Takefu lists VG10's chromium content as 15% and describes its corrosion resistance as excellent. We recommend drying the knife after washing.

Takefu, the steelmaker behind VG10, gives HRC 60 or more as a standard value. The hardness of a finished knife depends on its maker.

Takefu says the steel's 15% chromium, 1% molybdenum and 1.55% cobalt give it high hardness and a long-lasting edge, and that it is easy to sharpen.

Sakai Takayuki (堺孝行) is a brand of Aoki Hamono Seisakusho (青木刃物製作所) in Sakai, Osaka, and the company's own page says so directly. The trademarks for 堺孝行 and 堺菊孝 were registered in 1964.

The company started in Osaka in 1947 as a wholesaler of Sakai forged knives, set up a sales office in Sakai in 1963, and built a factory in Sakai in 1977. So when you see the Sakai Takayuki name, that is Aoki Hamono's own line.

Sakai Takayuki knives are made by Aoki Hamono Seisakusho and its craftsmen in Sakai, Osaka. The company's own traditional-craftsman page profiles its named Sakai smiths.

Aoki Hamono's own page says Sakai knives are made by division of labour: blacksmiths forge the blade, and sharpening craftsmen then grind and sharpen it. Aoki Hamono's Sanpou factory, home to its smiths and sharpeners since 1978, added an automatic grinding machine for Japanese knives in 2015.

A honyaki is water quenched with sword-style hardening, so it usually runs about 1 to 2 HRC harder than a comparable knife that is not honyaki, though that varies by maker. The quench has a high failure rate, and that craft is a large part of the price.

A honyaki also needs more care. If your kitchen is busy, an everyday line such as the 33-layer or 45-layer VG10 Damascus, which share a VG10 core and differ mostly in looks, is the easier choice; if you want a harder edge and the craft itself, a honyaki can suit you.