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Stainless Stainless Steel

"Stainless" means stain-resistant, not stain-proof. In kitchen use, the steel can still discolour or pit if exposed to acidic environments — citrus, vinegar, or salt water — for extended periods. Wash and wipe dry after every use, and avoid leaving the blade soaking in water. With basic care, a stainless knife is very low-maintenance and a great everyday choice.
Sandivk, Sweden 🇸🇪 Uddeholm, Sweden 🇸🇪

Swedish Steel

Hardness ? Rockwell C Hardness (HRC) measures how resistant a steel is to permanent deformation. For kitchen knives:

55–58 HRC — Soft. Easy to sharpen and forgiving of rough use, but dulls faster. Typical of most German knives.
59–61 HRC — Balanced. Good edge retention with manageable sharpening. Common in mid-range Japanese knives.
62–64 HRC — Hard. Excellent edge retention, holds a very fine edge. Requires more care and a fine stone to sharpen.
65+ HRC — Very hard. Exceptional edge longevity but more brittle — more prone to chipping if used roughly.

Higher is not always better — it depends on how you use and maintain your knife.
58–60 HRC
555759616365+
Swedish steel is a broad term used for a few different types of steel manufacturerd by two major Swedish steel companies: Sandivk and Uddeholm. For some unknown reason, the Japanese knife makers seem to settled for just using the term "Swdish Steel" rather than publishing their specifics however the following steel are often used in knife making:
Uddeholm: AEB-L
Sandvik: 12C27, 14C28, 19C27
These steel types have similar carbon content (0.6-0.7) and are generally treated to around HRC 59-60.
Composition

Swedish Steel Element Composition

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    Swedish Steel
    27.0% 20.3% 13.5% 6.8% 0
    C Carbon 0.65%
    Primary hardening element. Raises hardness and wear resistance — but too much increases brittleness and corrosion susceptibility. As a reference: German 1.4112 (~0.5%) sits at the low end; VG-10 (~1.0%) is a common mid-range; SG2 (1.25–1.45%) and ZDP-189 (~3.0%) represent high and extreme ends respectively.
    C
    0.65%
    Cr Chromium 27.0%
    Raises corrosion resistance; 13%+ qualifies steel as stainless. Also improves hardenability and wear resistance. In kitchen use, higher chromium levels contribute to a slight drag or sticking sensation when cutting — a trade-off for the rust resistance it provides.
    Cr
    27.0%
    Mn Manganese 0.4%
    Aids hardenability and strength. Acts as a deoxidiser during smelting. Excess can reduce toughness.
    Mn
    0.4%
    Si Silicon 0.4%
    Strengthens the steel matrix and acts as a deoxidiser. Improves hardness and resistance to oxidation.
    Si
    0.4%
    P Phosphorus 0.003%
    Impurity from the smelting process. Even small amounts cause brittleness — steelmakers keep this as low as possible.
    P
    0.003%
    S Sulfur 0.01%
    Impurity that reduces toughness and promotes brittleness. Intentionally added only in free-machining steels.
    S
    0.01%
    C — Carbon Cr — Chromium Mn — Manganese Si — Silicon P — Phosphorus S — Sulfur
    Hardness 58–60 HRC
    555759616365+
    Steel
    Swedish Steel
    Category
    Stainless
    Manufacturer
    Sandivk, Sweden 🇸🇪 · Uddeholm, Sweden 🇸🇪
    Hardness
    58–60 HRC